GPS&罗盘

PX4 supports global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) (including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS and SBAS) using receivers that communicate via the UBlox, MTK Ashtech or Emlid protocols, or via UAVCAN. It also supports Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS Receivers, which extend GPS systems to centimetre-level precision.

PX4可用于以下指南针部件（磁强计）：博世BMM 150 MEMS（通过I2C总线）、HMC5883/HMC5983（I2C或SPI）、IST8310（I2C）和 LIS3MDL（I2C或SPI）。

最多可以连接4个内部或外部磁强计，但实际上只有一个磁强计可用作标题源。 系统根据其内部优先级自动选择可用的最佳罗盘（外部磁强计具有更高的优先级）。 如果主指南针在飞行中失败它将跳转到下一个指南针。 如果它在飞行前失败，将无法起飞。

Tip 在使用 Pixhawk-系列 飞行控制器时，我们建议使用安装在远离飞机/esc电源线的地方使用 整合GPS和罗盘 - 通常安装在基座或机翼上（适用于固定翼飞机）。 内部指南针 可能 在较大的机型（如垂直起降机型）上有用，在这些车辆上，通过安装Pixhawk距离电源线很远，可以减少电磁干扰。 On small vehicles an external compass is almost always required.

GPS (Only) Options

• Emlid Reach M+ (emlid.com) > Note At time of writing PX4 does not support RTK GPS with this module (only “ordinary” GPS). Support is expected in the near future.

Combined GPS/Compass Options

一些流行的GSP/指南针选项包括：

• Ublox Neo-M8N GPS with Compass (Hobbyking)
• mRo GPS u-Blox Neo-M8N Dual Compass LIS3MDL+ IST8310 (mRo store)
• Drotek uBlox GPS/Compasses (drotek)
• Holybro Micro M8N GPS Module (getfpv)
• Holybro Ublox NEO-M8N GPS Module (getfpv)
• Holybro Pixhawk 4 GPS Module (UBLOX 8MN GPS + IST8310 compass + LED + Safety switch).
• Here GNSS GPS (M8N) (getfpv)
• Zubax GNSS 2 (zubax.com)
• 3DR uBlox GPS with Compass kit (getfpv) - Discontinued

GPS与罗盘的连接说明通常由厂家（至少支持更通用的 自驾仪）提供

Note Pixhawk系列 控制器通常有一个标记明确的端口用于连接GPS，指南针连接I2C或SPI总线（取决于设备）。 Zubax GNSS 2 也可以通过 UAVCAN 连接。

Tip 连接GPS模块时，请注意引脚。 虽然这些都是软件兼容，有几个不同的引脚。

RTK-GPS Devices

有关支持的设备和setup/配置的信息，请参阅边栏下的 RTK GPS。

Configuration

Primary GPS

GPS configuration on Pixhawk is handled transparently for the user - simply connect the GPS module to the port labeled GPS and everything should work.

Note The default Serial Port Configuration works for most devices. If you are using the Trimble MB-Two you will need to modify the configuration to explicitly set the rate to 115200 baud.

Secondary GPS (Dual GPS System) {#dual_gps}

To use a secondary GPS, attach it to any free port, and then perform a Serial Port Configuration to assign GPS_2_CONFIG to the selected port.

The following steps show how to configure a secondary GPS on the TELEM 2 port in QGroundControl:

1. Find and set the parameter GPS_2_CONFIG to TELEM 2.
   • Open QGroundControl and navigate to the Vehicle Setup > Parameters section.
   • Select the GPS tab (1), then open the GPS_2_CONFIG parameter (2) and select TELEM 2 from the dropdown list (3).
2. Reboot the vehicle in order to make the other parameters visible.
3. Select the Serial tab, and open the SER_TEL2_BAUD parameter (TELEM 2 port baud rate): set it to Auto.

After setting up the second GPS port:

1. Configure the ECL/EKF2 estimator to blend data from both GPS systems. For detailed instructions see: Using the ECL EKF > Dual Receivers.

Compass

Compass calibration is covered in: Compass Configuration. The process is straightforward and will calibrate all connected magnetometers.

Additional configuration can be performed using the CALMAGx parameters (where x=0-3). Generally you will not need to modify these as compasses are autodetected, prioritised and are all calibrated at the same time (a possible exception is CAL_MAGx_EN which might be used to disable an internal compass). You may however wish to read them, as they will let you know which magnetometers are internal or external (CAL_MAGx_EN) and which is being uses as the main heading source (CAL_MAG_PRIME).

Developer Information

• GPS/RTK-GPS
  • RTK-GPS
  • GPS driver
  • UAVCAN Example
• Magnetometer drivers (source code)