- 消息推送简介
- 安装消息推送服务
- 保存 installation
- 保存iOS设备的deviceToken
- 保存Android设备的 installationId
- 保存Windows Phone设备的 notificationUri
- 订阅频道和退订
- 订阅频道
- 退订频道
- 推送消息
- 广播推送消息
- 组播推送消息
- 多播推送消息
- 推送给不活跃的用户
- 根据查询条件做推送
- 根据平台做推送
- 根据地理信息位置做推送
- 点播推送消息
- 发送选项设置
- 定制你的通知
- 设置消息过期时间
消息推送简介
推送通知是让用户及时被通知、和你的应用保持联系的一种非常棒的方式,你可以快速而有效地通知到所有的用户,下面这个教程将会教你如何使用Bmob来推送消息。
安装消息推送服务
每一个Bmob的App被安装在用户的设备上后,如果要使用消息推送功能,Bmob SDK会自动生成一个Installation对象。Installation对象包含了推送所需要的所有信息。举例:一个棒球的App,你可以让用户订阅感兴趣的棒球队,然后及时将这个球队的消息推送给用户 。
你可以使用 REST API,通过请求URL /1/installations 对Installation对象进行一系列操作,就像你存储和获取其他的普通对象,如GameScore对象一样。
注意Installation对象一般只在Client SDK中进行修改,但REST API对于大量导入或导出订阅数据的Installation对象是极其有用的。
Installation对象有几个系统默认的特殊字段来帮助你进行定位到设备等管理:
- badge : iOS应用中右上角的图标标识,这不会在服务端进行自增,需要开发者自己实现自增统计
- channels : 当前这个设备订阅的渠道名称数组
- timeZone : 设备所在位置的时区, 如Asia/Shanghai,这个会在每个Installation对象更新时同步(只读)
- deviceType : 设备的类型, 值为:”ios” 或 “android” (只读)
- installationId : Bmob使用的设备唯一号,Android设备是必须的,iOS可选 (只读)
- deviceToken : iOS设备由Apple APNS生成的唯一性token标识 (只读)
- notificationUri : Windows Phone设备由Windows Push Center生成的唯一性token标识
保存 installation
根据设备的不同往设备表中添加不同的值,body格式如下
{
"deviceType": deviceType ("iOS","android", "windows phone")
"deviceToken": iOS需填
"installationId":android需填
"notificationUri":wp需填
}
下面将针对具体平台分别举例。
保存iOS设备的deviceToken
iOS设备通常使用deviceToken来对一台设备进行惟一标识。
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"deviceType": "ios",
"deviceToken": "abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789"
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/installations
保存Android设备的 installationId
对于Android设备,BmobSDK会自动生成uuid作为installationId保存到 Bmob。 你可以使用以下REST API保存Android设备的installation ID。
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"deviceType": "android",
"installationId": "12345678-4312-1234-1234-1234567890ab"
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/installations
保存Windows Phone设备的 notificationUri
对于Windows Phone设备,BmobSDK会自动从Windows Push Center获取到notificationUri并保存到 Bmob。 你可以使用以下REST API保存Windows Phone设备的notificationUri。
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"deviceType": "windows phone",
"notificationUri": "https://hk1.notify.live.net/unthrottledthirdparty/01.00/AQHgHh6EuwNtTa1TbwvaAjnmAgAAAAADEAAAAAQUZm52OkZDM0U5RDkxQzIzREJBNDYFBkFTRUEwMQ"
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/installations
订阅频道和退订
频道列的本质是一个数组,因此其操作与数组一致,具体可查看以下举例。
订阅频道
覆盖已订阅的频道:
curl -X PUT \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"channels": [
"Giants",
"Mets"
]
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/installations/mrmBZvsErB
订阅一个新频道,不覆盖已订阅的频道:
curl -X PUT \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"channels":{"__op":"AddUnique","objects":["Giants"]}}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/installations/mrmBZvsErB
退订频道
curl -X PUT \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"channels":{"__op":"Remove","objects":["Giants","Mets"]}}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/installations/mrmBZvsErB
推送消息
请求描述
使用推送接口可将消息推送至对应设备。
请求
url : https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
method :POST
header:
X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID
X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key
Content-Type: application/json
- body: 根据不同的需求进行定制,具体看以下介绍。
广播推送消息
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"data": {
"alert": "Hello From Bmob."
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
组播推送消息
发送给订阅了Giants频道的用户
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"where":{
"channels":["Giants"]
},
"data": {
"alert": "Hello From Bmob."
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
或者更简便的方式
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"channels":["Giants"],
"data": {
"alert": "Hello From Bmob."
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
多播推送消息
推送给不活跃的用户
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"where":{
"updatedAt":{
"$lt":{"__type":"Date","iso":"2012-01-29 11:33:53"}
}
},
"data": {
"alert": "Hello From Bmob."
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
根据查询条件做推送
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"where": {
"scores": true
},
"data": {
"alert": "Willie Hayes injured by own pop fly."
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
请注意,where 条件查询的都是 installations 表。这里是假设 installations 表存储了 scores 的布尔属性,你可以像查询普通对象一样构造where查询
根据平台做推送
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"where": {
"deviceType": "android"
},
"data": {
"alert": "Your suitcase has been filled with tiny robots!"
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"where": {
"deviceType": "ios"
},
"data": {
"alert": "Your suitcase has been filled with tiny apples!"
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
Windows Phone平台的推送分三种格式:
a.推送Raw通知(默认):
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"where": {
"deviceType": "windows phone"
},
"data": {
"alert": "Your suitcase has been filled with tiny windows phone!",
"wpAlert": "TextBoxValue2"
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
b.推送Toast通知:
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"where": {
"deviceType": "windows phone"
},
"data": {
"alert": "Your suitcase has been filled with tiny apples!",
"wpAlert": "TextBoxSubTitle",
"wp": 2
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
c.推送磁贴通知:
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"where": {
"deviceType": "windows phone"
},
"data": {
"alert": "Your suitcase has been filled with tiny apples!",
"backgroundImage": "backgroundImage",
"count":"1",
"backBackgroundImage": "backBackgroundImage",
"backTitle":"backTitle",
"backContent":"backContent",
"wp": 1
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
根据地理信息位置做推送
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"where": {
"user": {
"$inQuery": {
"location": {
"$nearSphere": {
"__type": "GeoPoint",
"latitude": 30.0,
"longitude": -20.0
},
"$maxDistanceInMiles": 1.0
}
}
}
},
"data": {
"alert": "Free hotdogs at the bmob concession stand!"
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
上面的例子假设 installation 有个 user 属性指向_User 表的记录,并且用户有个 location 属性是 GeoPoint 类型,我们就可以根据地理信息位置做推送。
点播推送消息
发送给Android单个客户端
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"where":{
"installationId":"57234d4c-752f-4e78-81ad-a6d14048020d"
},
"data": {
"alert": "Hello From Bmob."
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
发送给iOS单个客户端
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"where":{
"deviceToken":"abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789"
},
"data": {
"aps":{"alert":"cashi","badge":1,"sound":"default"}
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
发送给Windows Phone单个客户端Toast通知
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"where":{
"notificationUri":"https://hk1.notify.live.net/unthrottledthirdparty/01.00/AQHgHh6EuwNtTa1TbwvaAjnmAgAAAAADEAAAAAQUZm52OkZDM0U5RDkxQzIzREJBNDYFBkFTRUEwMQ"
},
"data": {
"alert": "Hello From bmob",
"wpAlert": "bmob",
"wp": 2
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
发送选项设置
推送通知不仅仅可以用来发送消息,iOS中,推送内容还可以包含要播放的声音和要显示的badge数字值,还可以定制任何你想发送的内容,对于Android,你甚至可以指定Intent应用于接收消息,对于时效有要求的消息你还可以设置一个消息过期时间。
定制你的通知
如果你想发送更多的消息,你可以在data的字典对象中设置其他字段,下面这些保留的字段有其特殊的意义:
- alert : 通知的消息内容
- badge : (仅iOS)一个数字值将会高亮显示在应用图标的右上角。
- sound : (仅iOS)应用绑定包中的声音
- content-available : (仅iOS)如果你的应用是新闻类的,或者你的应用正在使用iOS7的Remote Notification Background Mode,设定这个值为1将会触发离线下载功能。
- action : (仅Android)接收到推送消息时应用Intent,如果没有指定title或alert,Intent将被应用,但是没有通知呈现给用户。
- title : (仅Android)这个值将显示在系统通知栏
- wp : (仅Windows Phone)通知类型 0-Raw(默认) 1-Toast 2-磁贴
- wpAlert : (仅Windows Phone)这个值将在Raw 和 Toast两种通知中有用,相对alert,作为子标题
- backgroundImage : (仅Windows Phone)通知类型wp=2,磁贴类通知中有用
- count : (仅Windows Phone)通知类型wp=2,磁贴类通知中有用
- backBackgroundImage : (仅Windows Phone)通知类型wp=2,磁贴类通知中有用
- backTitle : (仅Windows Phone)通知类型wp=2,磁贴类通知中有用
- backContent : (仅Windows Phone)通知类型wp=2,磁贴类通知中有用
例如,推送一条通知,将当前的badge值设置为一个数字值,并且播放iOS设备上定制的音乐,对于Android用户,将在系统通知栏中显示特殊的标题,其请求如下:
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"channels": [
"Mets"
],
"data": {
"alert": "The Mets scored! The game is now tied 1-1.",
"badge": 10,
"sound": "cheering.caf",
"title": "Mets Score!"
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
当然,你也可以在data字典对象中定制自己的字段来推送消息,但推送到消息不显示在 Andoid 系统的通知栏中,而是执行应用程序预定义的逻辑,Android或iOS的接收消息文档中对此有说明,iOS只有当用户从通知中打开应用,才能访问data的数据,Android将提供这个数据在action Intent应用之后将提供这个数据,
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"channels": [
"Indians"
],
"data": {
"action": "com.example.UPDATE_STATUS",
"alert": "Ricky Vaughn was injured in last night's game!",
"name": "Vaughn",
"newsItem": "Man bites dog"
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
设置消息过期时间
过期时间,可以是绝对时间:
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"expiration_time": "2013-12-04 00:51:13",
"data": {
"alert": "Season tickets on sale until December 4, 2013"
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
也可以是相对时间(根据push_time做定期推送,从push_time时间开始算起,直到expiration_interval时间后过期),下面的请求表示消息将在2012-01-28 00:51:13这个时间点开始推送,直到7天后过期:
curl -X POST \
-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \
-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"push_time": "2012-01-28 00:51:13",
"expiration_interval": 518400,
"data": {
"alert": "Season tickets on sale until December 4, 2013"
}
}' \
https://api.bmob.cn/1/push